In this paper, we designed three techniques for viewport control that leverage gaze based on different eye movements: Dwell Snap for viewport rotation in discrete steps, Gaze Gain for amplified viewport rotation based on gaze angle, and Gaze Pursuit for central viewport alignment of gaze targets. All three techniques enable 360-degree viewport control through naturally coordinated eye and head movement, enabling exploration of virtual worlds with less head movement. We evaluated the techniques in comparison with controller snap and head amplification baselines, for both coarse and precise viewport control, and found them to be competitive in speed, accuracy, task load, and simulator sickness. We also observed a high variance in performance which may be attributable to the different degrees to which humans tend to support gaze shifts with head movement. Overall, our results showed that Gaze is effective for viewport control and is a genuine alternative to other general head-only or hand-only techniques.

Hock Siang Lee, Florian Weidner, Ludwig Sidenmark and Hans Gellersen. 2024. Snap, Pursuit, and Gain: Virtual Reality Viewport Control by Gaze. In Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’24), May 11–16, 2024, Honolulu, USA. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 14 pages.